Recycling in East Lansing

Hey everyone,

It has been a while since I last wrote. I’ve been busy researching city recycling models for an independent study I’m performing in conjunction with the internship. I hope you don’t mind me getting a bit technical but I’m excited to tell you all about the conclusions I’ve drawn from the project and what it means for the city of East Lansing.

Basically, there are three different ways that a municipality can run a curbside recycling program. First, there is mixed waste recycling, where recycled materials and garbage are collected as one entity. This is beneficial because it requires no change in behavior of city residents, requires very little public education by municipalities, and lets the municipality choose which materials they wish to utilize from the collected waste. However, when garbage and recyclables are collected together, the recyclables often get contaminated, meaning they are unable to be reused. This happens when bottles break and intermix with paper products, or when recyclable materials have residues in them that diminish their quality. Contamination occurs at such a large level with mixed waste recycling that most municipalities will not use it.

The second model is called source separation. In this model, residents are required to clean, prepare, and sort their recyclables before the city picks them up, separate from their garbage. This is the model that East Lansing uses. This model is beneficial because material recovery facilities don’t have to spend a great deal of money sorting and cleaning recyclables before they sell them. The problem with this model is that it requires a great deal of public education, requires a great deal of effort from city residents, and can incur many collection costs.

The third model is called single-stream recycling. In this model, garbage and recyclables are separated, but all recyclables are collected together (called commingled recycling). This is beneficial because it is much easier for residents than source separating. It requires less public education and saves costs during the collection process. However, products are often contaminated, which makes the products less valuable and results in higher costs for sorting and cleaning.

After surveying a large portion of literature, most academics agree that source separating is the most cost effective recycling model for the time being. However, most of them also believe that as sorting and cleaning technologies become more advanced and their prices fall, single-stream models will be become the most cost effective recycling method.

So why does this all matter? Because this means that East Lansing is running the model that I, and the literature, believe it should be operating. However, in the future, East Lansing should look into the potential for a single-stream recycling model when technology becomes available. This would make recycling in the city much easier for students (requiring less time and effort to recycling), and it would not require the city to educate upwards of 7000 new student residents on recycling policies each year. In the future, this would be the ideal model for the city of East Lansing.

Thanks for sticking with me through my research. I’m happy to have studied the topic and to have gained such a strong understanding of recycling in East Lansing. I hope that if any of you are interested in recycling issues, or have questions, you will feel free to contact me. I’d love to talk about the issues even further.

Go Green!
Mike Berkowitz
CRC Intern